European and mediterranean plant protection organization
07-13587
WPPR point 8.3
Report of a Pest Risk Management: Tomato infectious chlorosis virus
This summary presents the conclusions of the pest risk management which has been conducted on the pest, according to EPPO Standard PM 5/4(1) Pest Risk Management Scheme.
Pest:
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Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
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Assessor:
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EPPO Secretariat
Further revised by the EPPO Panel on Phytosanitary Measures
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Date:
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First drafted in 2005-02. Further revised in 2007-03
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IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATHWAYS
1 Pathways studied in the pest risk management
Plants for planting (except seeds) of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) were considered as the main pathway for TICV Ranking of the pathway: high.
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2 Other pathways
Other hosts of TICV have been identified (i.e. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) Physalis ixocarpa (tomatillo) and Cynara scolymus (artichoke); Petunia hybrida (petunia), Ranunculus sp. (ranunculus), Callistephus chinensis (China aster)). The risk of introduction with these pathways was considered as very low and they have not been considered further. Ranking of the pathway: very low
Viruliferous whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) can be a pathway, although the risks associated with this pathway are difficult to assess. The Panel had no time to assess it. There was some disagreement about the ranking of this type of pathway, for some Panel members it was considered negligible, as for other it was not. Some countries have already measures in place targeting B. tabaci. This pathway was not considered further.
Tomato fruits were considered as a very unlikely pathway. Ranking of the pathway: negligible.
Seeds were not considered as a pathway (no seed transmission is reported for this type of virus). Ranking of the pathway: non existent.
IDENTIFICation of POSSIBLE measures for pathways
Measures related to consignments:
None was identified, as it was considered that testing for TICV on a routine basis is not available for the moment.
Measures related to the crop or to places of production
- Pest free production site for TICV and exclusion measures for the vector Trialeurodes vaporariorum (exclusion measures include preventive treatments and protected conditions such as insect-proof glasshouses) to prevent further contaminations from viruliferous whiteflies.
- Pest-free place of production for TICV and an appropriate buffer zone free from Trialeurodes vaporariorum.
- Pest-free area for TICV
- Pest-free area for Trialeurodes vaporariorum. The Panel considered that in areas where the vectors did not occur, it was not necessary to ask for ToCV freedom, because in areas which are free of vectors, there is only a theoretical chance that the virus is present.
Note Crop freedom for TICV was not considered as a suitable option as there is no practical way of verifying the absence of the virus in the crop. It was assumed that in most cases, trade would concern young plants which may not have the time to express clear symptoms, and that no routine test was available.
EVALUATION OF THE MEASURES IDENTIFIED IN RELATION TO THE RISKS PRESENTED BY THE PATHWAYS
CONCLUSION: SELECTION OF MEASURES
Plants for planting (except seeds) of Lycopersicon esculentum, where TICV and its vector (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) occur
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PC and, if appropriate RC
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Area freedom for TICV
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Area freedom for Trialeurodes vaporariorum and the plants for planting have been produced from plants for planting free from TICV1
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Pest-free production site for TICV, and exclusion measures against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (protected conditions, screens, preventive treatments).
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Place of production freedom for TICV and appropriate buffer zone freedom for Trialeurodes vaporariorum
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