Eurylaimidae

African Green Broadbill

Resident, forest and edges: Itombwe Mts (E DRC), W Uganda.

Smithornis sharpei Grey-headed Broadbill Eurylaime à tête grise

zenkeri; sharpei; eurylaemus

Resident, lowland rain forest: S Cameroon, N Gabon (zenkeri); Bioko (sharpei); mts of E DRC (eurylaemus).

Resident, undergrowth in lowland forest: Liberia - W Uganda through N half of DRC.

Resident, forest and dense woodland: Sierra Leone - W Ghana; scattered S Cameroon - NW Angola; E and SE DRC east to S Kenya, NE South Africa.

PHILEPITTIDAE
Philepitta castanea Velvet Asity Philépitte veloutée

Resident, forest: all of E Madagascar.

Resident, seasonally dry forest: N and NW Madagascar.

Sunbird-Asity; Wattled Sunbird-Asity Faux-Souimanga caronculé

Resident, midlevel forest: E Madagascar.

Neodrepanis hypoxantha Yellow-bellied Sunbird-Asity Philépitte de Salomonsen

Yellow-bellied Asity Faux-Souimanga à ventre jaune

CMT Neodrepanis hypoxanthus

Resident, montane forest: scattered in E Madagascar.

PITTIDAE
Pitta reichenowi Green-breasted Pitta Brève à poitrine verte

DFW subsumes into Pitta angolensis

Resident, forest, thickets: scattered S Cameroon, N Gabon - Uganda.

Pitta angolensis African Pitta Brève de l'Angola

longipennis; pulih; angolensis

Resident (West Africa) and intra-African migrant (East Africa), forest with dense undergrowth: resident Guinea - W Cameroon - NW Angola (pulih, angolensis); breeds SE DRC, S Tanzania - E Zambia, NE South Africa, moving north to NE DRC, S CAR - S Kenya (longipennis); vagrant rest of E South Africa, 1 record Ethiopia.

ALAUDIDAE

Resident, all open habitats: Madagascar.

Resident and intra-African migrant, short grassland, semi-desert: Sahel zone N Senegal, S Mauritania - W Ethiopia (chadensis); NE Ethiopia, Eritrea and S Sudan, S Somalia - N Tanzania (both marginata).

Resident and nomadic, arid savanna and woodland: S Angola - C Namibia east to S Zambia, NE South Africa.

Resident, dense short grassland, often near lakes, avoiding very open areas: NE DRC, NW Uganda - C Tanzania; local W Chad - E Sudan - SE Ethiopia.

Latakoo Lark

Resident, open grassland: patchy S Zimbabwe, E South Africa.

Mirafra cordofanica Kordofan Lark Alouette du Kordofan

Resident and nomadic, arid plains: Mauritania - S Niger; C Sudan.

Resident, arid short grass areas on black lava soils: 2 areas of N Kenya.

Intra-African migrant (probably), dense grassland with bushes: SE Kenya, N Tanzania; old records in S Ethiopia, N Kenya.

SAM (+SS) raise Mirafra sharpii Somali Lark (SS Sharpe’s Lark) Alouette de Sharpe (SAM has M. somalica as Somali Long-billed Lark); (SS raises Mirafra malbranti Malbrant’s Lark)

Resident, grassy areas with and without trees: scattered isolated populations in West Africa; NW Somalia (sharpii); around L. Victoria; W

DRC, S Gabon, Angola - S Tanzania and south excluding much of Namibia, W half of South Africa and coastal Angola; (malbrandti in E

Gabon - SW DRC).

Mirafra hypermetra Red-winged Lark Alouette polyglotte

Red-winged Bush Lark*

Resident, savanna, grassland with scattered trees: scattered in lowlands Ethiopia - NE Tanzania.

Somali Long-billed Lark

Resident, open grassland especially coastal: most of Somalia though not NW or SW.

Resident, short grassland: known only from 6 specimens in small area of coastal E Somalia near Mogadishu.

Resident, moist and montane grassland: 4 populations in small areas: N Angola; W Angola (both angolensis); extreme E Angola, S DRC, NW Zambia (antonii); SE DRC (marungensis).

Resident, all savannas with grassy areas: all S of Sahara except forest area, north and east of C Ethiopia - C Kenya, south of Angola - NE

South Africa, and W coast of Angola.

Mirafra apiata Cape Clapper Lark Alouette bateleuse

apiata; marjoriae

(SL, SS raise Mirafra marjoriae Agulhas Clapper Lark)

Resident, dense vegetated grasslands, fynbos: W and S South Africa.

reynoldsi; jappi; nata; deserti (HM=damarensis but may be distinct; ROB incl damarensis in deserti); fasciolata (BoA=hewitti)

BoA, DFW, HM, SAM, BL subsume into Mirafra apiata (as Clapper Lark)

Resident, dense vegetated grasslands: W Zambia, SE Angola, E half Namibia, C South Africa.

Resident, semi-arid grassland, open woodland: SE Ethiopia, Somalia, NE Kenya.

Resident (probably), semi-arid plains, open woodland on rocky ridges: E Mali - C Sudan.

gilletti; arorihensis

Resident, semi-arid scrub, often rocky: E Ethiopia, W Somalia, extreme NE Kenya.

[Mirafra degodiensis Degodi Lark Alouette du Degodi]

Resident, arid Acacia scrub: Degodi region (S Ethiopia).

(A 2009 Bull. Br. Orn. Club paper suggests that this species is synonymous with Mirafra gilletti.)

BoA, DFW, HM, SAM, BL (and ZTP, BD, SF for species in their areas) place Calendulauda species in Mirafra (africanoides, alopex, poecilosterna, sabota) or Certhilauda (albescens, erythrochlamys, barlowi, buryi)

Resident, sandy soils in semi-arid savannas: S Angola - S Mozambique south to N South Africa.

Abyssinian Lark

BoA, DFW, HM subsume into Mirafra africanoides

Resident, sandy soils in semi-arid savannas: N Somalia, E Ethiopia - N Tanzania.

Calendulauda poecilosterna Pink-breasted Lark Alouette à poitrine rose

Resident, arid Acacia and Commiphora scrub: SE Sudan, S Ethiopia, S Somalia - NE Tanzania.

SAM raises Calendulauda (Mirafra) naevia Bradfield’s Lark

Resident, semi-arid savannas: S Angola (and up W coast) - S Mozambique south to C South Africa; (naevia (probably incl races bradfieldi, herero) NW Namibia - NC Cape Province).

Calendulauda albescens Karoo Lark Alouette du Karroo

albescens; codea; guttata; karruensis (not in HM)

Resident, semi-desert and dunes: W South Africa, extreme S Namibia.

Calendulauda erythrochlamys Dune Lark Alouette à dos roux

Alouette des dunes

(HM + barlowi; erythrochlamys here considered separate species)

Resident, dunes usually with vegetation: small area coastal W Namibia.

barlowi; patae; cavei

BoA, DFW, SAM, HM subsume into Calendulauda (Certhilauda) erythrochlamys (BoA incl cavei in C. a. albescens with no

mention of barlowi or patae (also not in HM))

Resident, dunes usually with vegetation: small area coastal NW South Africa, SW Namibia (south of C. erythrochlamys).

Calendulauda burra Red Lark Alouette ferrugineuse

Ferruginous Lark

Resident, sand dunes, alluvial plains: NW Cape Province (South Africa).

Heteromirafra ruddi Rudd's Lark Alouette de Rudd

Resident, high altitude montane grassland: several isolated populations NE and E South Africa.

Resident, short grassland: small area NW Somalia.

Resident, grassland patches: known only from 2 specimens in small area S Ethiopia.

Long-billed Lark; Cape Lark

Resident, grasslands, coastal scrub: coastal extreme S Namibia, W South Africa.

Agulhas Lark

BoA, DFW (+SAM presumed) subsume into Certhilauda curvirostris

Resident, cultivation (non-intensive), sandy areas: Agulhas Plain in W Cape Province (South Africa).

BoA, DFW (+SAM presumed) subsume into Certhilauda curvirostris

Resident, grassland, usually rocky slopes: E Cape - Orange Free State, W KZ-Natal (all South Africa).

Certhilauda subcoronata Karoo Long-billed Lark Alouette du Namaland

damarensis (not in BoA); subcoronata; gilli; bradshawi

BoA, DFW, (+SAM presumed) subsume into Certhilauda curvirostris

Resident, scrublands: C Namibia - W South Africa.

Certhilauda benguelensis Benguela Long-billed Lark Alouette de Benguela

Benguela Lark

BoA, DFW (+SAM presumed) subsume into Certhilauda curvirostris

Resident, arid slopes with scrub: small area of NW Namibia, SW Angola.

Certhilauda chuana Short-clawed Lark Alouette à ongles courts

Resident, open woodlands: N South Africa, S Botswana.

Intra-African migrant, open woodland, savanna, moving to more arid areas outside breeding season: breeds N Ivory Coast - S Sudan, N Uganda; non-breeding in Sahel zone Senegal - N Sudan.

Intra-African migrant, miombo woodland, often on burnt ground, non-breeding to more open habitats: breeds S DRC, N Angola - SW Tanzania; non-breeding to S Angola, Namibia - Mozambique, NE South Africa.

CMT, HBW, IOC (+ROB implies, +SS) raise Chersomanes beesleyi Beesley’s Lark Alouette de Beesley

Resident, montane grassland - karoo scrub - semi-desert: C and NE Angola - South Africa except strip along E and S coasts; near Mt Meru (Tanzania) (beesleyi).

Alaemon alaudipes Greater Hoopoe-Lark Sirli du désert

**Hoopoe-Lark

Resident, desert and semi-desert: N Mauritania - Egypt south of Atlas Mts and into Sahara to S Niger, C Chad (alaudipes); Red Sea coast of S Sudan - NW Somalia (desertorum); Cape Verde Is (boavistae).

Resident, tussock grass: N and E Somalia along coast.

Clot-Bey’s Lark

BoA Ramphocoris clot-bey; DFW Ramphocorys clotbey

Resident, deserts and nearby, mostly stony ground: round N edge of the desert Western Sahara - W Libya.

calandra; psammochroa

Resident, open plains and cultivation: N Morocco - NW Libya; N Egypt; (psammochroa noted as easternmost race but recorded in Sinai).

Melanocorypha bimaculata Bimaculated Lark Alouette monticole

bimaculata; rufescens; (CMT, HBW monotypic)

Palearctic winter visitor, open areas especially stonier parts: Nile Valley in NE Sudan, Red Sea coast of Ethiopia, Eritrea.

arenicolor; cinctura

HM notes often incorrectly spelt Ammomanes cincturus (+ race)

Resident, deserts: scattered all across Sahara especially in north, south to C Niger, N Sudan (arenicolor); Cape Verde Is (cinctura).

Ammomane du désert

Resident, deserts: North Africa and Sahara and into Sahel zone south to Mauritania, S Niger, C Sudan, N Somalia.

grayi; hoeschi

BoA, DFW, HM, SAM, BL (+SL) Ammomanes grayi

Nomadic, gravel plains, salt flats with little vegetation: coastal plain SW Angola - S Namibia.

Short-toed Lark

Partial migrant and Palearctic winter visitor, dry plains and cultivation: breeds Morocco - NW Libya; winters all across Sahel zone, with some south to N DRC, Kenya and into Sahara Desert.

cinerea; anderssoni (CMT, HBW, ROB incl in cinerea); spleniata; millardi (ROB incl in cinerea); saturatior; williamsi; (CMT, HBW + fulvida (HM incl in saturatior); alluvia (HM incl in anderssoni, ROB incl in saturatior); niveni (HM, ROB (as nivenae) incl in cinerea)); (BoA + erlangeri; blanfordi; daroodensis here considered 2 separate species); (ROB has another 4 races)

Resident and intra-African migrant, open grassland: Angola (all except NW), S DRC, W and N Tanzania, SC Kenya south to all of South

Africa; isolated population N Nigeria.

Blanford’s Short-toed Lark

BoA, DFW subsume into Calandrella cinerea

Resident, open bare ground and grassland: Red Sea coast Eritrea (blanfordi) - NW Somalia (daroodensis).
Calandrella erlangeri Erlanger’s Lark Alouette d’Erlanger

BoA, DFW subsume into Calandrella cinerea; HM subsumes into Calandrella blanfordi

Resident, open bare ground and grassland: Ethiopian highlands.

Calandrella rufescens Lesser Short-toed Lark Alouette pispolette

minor; nicolli; heinei; rufescens; polatzeki

Resident and nomadic, open areas with bare ground: all North Africa (minor, nicolli); Canary Is (rufescens, polatzeki); vagrant Mauritania, N Nigeria in northern winter; (heinei vagrant from SE Europe).

Calandrella somalica Somali Short-toed Lark Alouette roussâtre

Rufous Short-toed Lark

SAM, IOC (+SS) raise Calandrella athensis Athi Short-toed Lark Alouette d’Athi

Resident, dry open grassland, mainly above 600m asl: N Somalia, E Ethiopia (perconfusa, somalica); S Ethiopia, N Kenya (megaensis); SC Kenya, N Tanzania (athensis).

Spizocorys conirostris Pink-billed Lark Alouette à bec rose

conirostris; transiens (CMT, HBW, ROB incl in conirostris); barlowi; damarensis; crypta; makawai; harti

Resident but nomadic in drier parts, moist submontane to semi-arid grassland: E Namibia, W Zambia, Botswana and all C South Africa.

Resident, short upland grassland: small area E South Africa.

Resident and nomadic, stony plains: SE Namibia - NW South Africa.

Resident, vegetated coastal dunes: coastal C and S Somalia.

personata; yavelloensis; intensa; mcchesneyi

Resident, arid plains especially on black lava: E and S Ethiopia, N Kenya.

Spizocorys starki Stark's Lark Alouette de Stark

BoA, DFW, HM, SAM, BL (+SL) Eremalauda starki

Nomadic, arid and semi-arid grassy plains: W Angola in narrow strip to NW South Africa.

Eremalauda dunni Dunn's Lark Alouette de Dunn

dunni

Resident, arid flat lowlands at edge of desert: S edge Sahara Mauritania, Mali but only scattered to east of this.

Chersophilus duponti Dupont's Lark Sirli ricoti

Sirli du Dupont

duponti; margaritae

Resident, shrubby grassland: E Morocco - W Egypt.

Resident, semi-arid grassland, open woodland: Somalia (fremantlii); S Ethiopia, N Kenya (megaensis); S Kenya, N Tanzania (delamerei).

modesta; bucolica; struempelli (BoA strumpelli); nigrita

Resident and intra-African migrant with rains, open grassland with rocky areas: Senegal to extreme NW Uganda south to highlands of N Cameroon.

Galerida magnirostris Large-billed Lark Cochevis à gros bec

magnirostris; harei; montivaga (CMT, HBW, ROB incl in harei); (CMT, HM, ROB + sedentaria)

Resident, semi-arid grassland and scrub: South Africa except N and E.

Galerida cristata Crested Lark Cochevis huppé

kleinschmidti; riggenbachi; carthaginis; randoni (BoA randonii); macrorhyncha; arenicola; festae; brachyura; helenae; jordansi; nigricans; maculata; halfae; altirostris; somaliensis; balsaci; senegallensis; alexanderi; isabellina

IOC raise Galerida randonii (sic) Maghreb Lark

Resident, dry plains, cultivation: all around Sahara Desert, and scattered to N Kenya, S Ethiopia; (randoni -- E Morocco - N Algeria).

Galerida theklae Thekla Lark Cochevis de Thékla

erlangeri; ruficolor; superflua; carolinae; praetermissa; huei; huriensis; ellioti; harrarensis; mallablensis; (HM + theresae; BoA + aguirrei (CMT, HM, HBW incl in ruficolor); deichleri (CMT, HM, HBW incl in carolinae))

BD Galerida thekla

BoA subsumes into otherwise extralimital Galerida malabarica

Resident, rugged areas with bare ground: all North Africa; N and SE Ethiopia in highlands, Somalia, N Kenya.

Lullula arborea Woodlark Alouette lulu

pallida

Resident, open and scrubby habitats: C Morocco - E Algeria north of Sahara.

Skylark

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, open habitats: breeds Morocco - Tunisia (harterti); Azores (arvensis); winters all across North Africa, Canary Is.

Razo Lark; Raso Island Lark Alouette des Iles du Cap-Vert

Resident, flat plains of decaying lava: Raso Is (Cape Verde Is).

Eremopterix australis Black-eared Sparrow Lark Moinelette à oreillons noirs

Alouette-moineau à oreillons noirs

Nomadic, grassland: S Namibia, extreme SW Botswana - W South Africa.

Eremopterix leucotis Chestnut-backed Sparrow Lark Moinelette à oreillons blancs

Alouette-moineau à oreillons blancs

melanocephalus (HM notes often incorrectly spelt melanocephala); leucotis; madaraszi; smithi (BoA smithii); hoeschi

Nomadic, short grassland, semi-arid savanna: Sahel zone Senegal - Eritrea south to C Tanzania; S Angola - extreme S Tanzania south to N Namibia, most of Botswana, NE South Africa.

Alouette-moineau à front blanc

Some local movements, arid and semi-arid plains: Sahel zone, Mauritania, Senegal - Eritrea south in Somalia along coast (albifrons; melanauchen); Socotra (forbeswatsoni); Cape Verde Is (nigriceps).

Alouette-moineau à dos gris

Mainly resident, semi-arid grassland: Namibia, W 2/3rds South Africa extending up coastal Angola, Botswana, W Zimbabwe; irruptions into Zambia.

Alouette-moineau d’Oustalet

Resident and nomadic, semi-arid savannas: SE Sudan, E and SE Ethiopia, Somalia, N and E Kenya.

Alouette-moineau de Fischer

Resident, semi-arid grassland: W Kenya, W Tanzania - N Malawi

Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Alouette hausse-col

Shore Lark

Resident, montane barren areas: Atlas Mts in Morocco.

Temminck’s Horned Lark

Resident, open plains at desert edge: all across North Africa away from coastal strip, N Mauritania - Egypt; 1 record Gambia.

HIRUNDINIDAE

Hirondelle de rivière

Migrant between breeding areas, forested rivers, lakes and coastal savanna: coastal W Gabon, Congo; upper and middle R Congo.

Psalidoprocne nitens Square-tailed Saw-wing Hirondelle à queue courte

nitens; centralis (not in CMT); (CMT + cia)

Resident, forest: all forest area, Sierra Leone - E DRC.

Resident, woodland to grassland usually near water: S Senegal - W Cameroon.

[Blue Saw-wing if split as below]

SAM (+ROB, SL for those in their areas) raises (monotypic unless stated) Psalidoprocne holomelas (SL P. holomelaena) Black Saw-wing Hirondelle du Ruwenzori (races massaica; holomelas; ruwenzori); Psalidoprocne chalybea Shari Saw-wing Hirondelle à queue fourchue; Psalidoprocne petiti Petit’s Saw-wing Hirondelle de Petit; Psalidoprocne mangbettorum Mangbettu Saw-wing Hirondelle des Mangbettu; Psalidoprocne oleaginea Ethiopian Saw-wing Hirondelle de Kafa; Psalidoprocne antinorii Brown Saw-wing Hirondelle de Salvadori (races antinorii; blanfordi); Psalidoprocne orientalis Eastern Saw-wing Hirondelle de Reichenow (races orientalis; reichenowi; (ROB + percivali and one other in Africa))

Resident and partial migrant, savannas, woodland, montane grassland: SE Nigeria - S Kenya south to C Angola - N Mozambique and along

coastal strip S Mozambique - W Cape (South Africa); highlands of Ethiopia; SW Ethiopia, SE Sudan; (holomelas -- southern strip to S

Zimbabwe; Kenya, Tanzania; E DRC; chalybea -- Cameroon - CAR, W Sudan; petiti -- E Nigeria - NW Angola; mangbettorum -- S Sudan

- NE DRC; oleaginea -- SW Ethiopia, SE Sudan; antinorii -- C and S Ethiopia; orientalis -- Angola - S Tanzania south to E Zimbabwe, C

Mozambique; pristoptera -- W highlands of Ethiopia).

Psalidoprocne albiceps White-headed Saw-wing Hirondelle à tête blanche

albiceps; suffusa

Resident, and intra-African migrant in south of breeding range, savannas, forests, miombo woodland: E DRC, Uganda, SW Kenya - N Zambia, N Malawi (albiceps); N Angola (suffusa).

Resident, forest clearings: Mt Cameroon, Bioko.

DFW Phedinopsis brazzae

Resident (probably), forested rivers: S Congo, S DRC, NE Angola.

Phedina borbonica Mascarene Martin Hirondelle des Mascareignes

madagascariensis; borbonica

Resident and intra-African migrant, open country: breeds Madagascar; non-breeding to scattered parts of eastern Africa Kenya - Mozambique and to Seychelles and other nearby islands (madagascariensis); resident Mascarenes (borbonica).

**African Sand Martin; Brown-throated Martin*

Resident and partial migrant, open areas especially near water: all S of Sahara except forest areas but patchy west of Ethiopia - E Namibia and east of W Kenya - NW Mozambique; W Mauritania (mauritanica); E Madagascar (cowani).

Congo Martin* Hirondelle de rivage du Congo

Resident, riverine vegetation but feeds over forest away from rivers: lower Ubangi and Congo rivers (DRC).

Riparia riparia Common Sand Martin Hirondelle de rivage

Sand Martin*; Bank Swallow; Collared Sand Martin

(HM, CMT, HBW raise Riparia diluta as an Asian species -- 1 record Egypt)

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, lowland open areas especially near water: breeds lower Nile R. (Egypt); winters all S of Sahara except forest areas and deserts.

Riparia cincta Banded Martin Hirondelle à collier

cincta; xerica; suahelica; parvula; erlangeri

Resident and intra-African migrant, open areas often near water: resident Ethiopian highlands (erlangeri); extreme S Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, NW Tanzania, S Tanzania - NW Zambia south to E Botswana - W Mozambique, E and S South Africa; Gabon, S and W DRC; breeding visitor only to range in southern Africa (but not in deserts of SW) south of Zambezi R., perhaps non-breeding only north to Cameroon at least and west to Ivory Coast.

SAM Hirundo griseopyga

Resident but at least local movements, open areas: scattered Senegal - CAR; Ethiopian highlands; coastal Gabon; central Congo R., NE Angola, SE DRC - S Sudan, E Uganda, W Kenya south to N Botswana - S Mozambique, NE South Africa.

(Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow Hirondelle bicolore)

Vagrant: Azores.
BoA, DFW, SAM, BL (+ZTP, BD, ROB for those in their areas) (+SF, SL, SS) have all Cecropis spp, Petrochelidon spp and Ptonoprogne spp as Hirundo spp.

Cecropis semirufa Red-breasted Swallow Hirondelle à ventre roux

Rufous-chested Swallow

Resident, and intra-African migrant in N and S of breeding range, open country: Senegal - W Kenya south to N Namibia - NE South Africa.

senegalensis; saturatior; monteiri

Resident, moist savannas especially mopane woodland: Senegal - W Ethiopia, W and S Kenya south to S Angola - extreme NE South Africa.

Cecropis abyssinica Lesser Striped Swallow Hirondelle à gorge striée

Hirondelle striée

Resident, and partial intra-African migrant in N and S of breeding range, grassland to forest edge, woodland: breeds all S of Sahara except NE and much of SW (not in Namibia, SW Botswana, W South Africa); those breeding in NW and SE move towards centre of range in non-breeding season.

Hirondelle d’Afrique

Intra-African migrant, semi-arid grassland and open areas: breeds South Africa and north in belt into S Angola, another to E and C Zimbabwe; non-breeding to N Angola, Zambia, S DRC, SW Tanzania.

Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Swallow Hirondelle rousseline

rufula; melanocrissus (BoA melanocrissa); domicella; emini; kumboensis

SAM, IOC raise Cecropis (Hirundo) domicella West African Swallow Hirondelle ouest-africaine

Resident and migrant, open hilly areas and towns: all across northern tropics and south in east to L. Malawi; breeding visitor to Morocco, extreme NW Algeria; some Palearctic winter visitors into tropical breeding range.

Petrochelidon fuliginosa Forest Swallow Hirondelle de forêt

Dusky Cliff Swallow

Resident, clearings in lowland forest: SE Nigeria, W Cameroon - Gabon.

Petrochelidon preussi Preuss's Cliff Swallow Hirondelle de Preuss

Preuss's Swallow

Resident, savannas with rivers and cliffs: Sierra Leone - W CAR, patchy across N DRC.

Petrochelidon rufigula Red-throated Cliff Swallow Hirondelle à gorge fauve

Red-throated Swallow

Resident, open grassland with cliffs: SW Gabon - C Angola east to S DRC, NW Zambia.

Petrochelidon spilodera South African Cliff Swallow Hirondelle sud-africaine

South African Swallow

Intra-African migrant, open grassland, karoo: breeds inland South Africa, parts of Namibia; non-breeding Congo, W DRC.

Petrochelidon perdita Red Sea Cliff Swallow Hirondelle de la Mer Rouge

Red Sea Swallow

1 specimen known: Red Sea coast NE of Port Sudan.

(Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow Hirondelle à front blanc)

American Cliff Swallow*

Vagrant: Azores, Madeira.

African Rock Martin

HM, IOC, BL (+SS) raise Ptyonoprogne (Hirundo) obsoleta Pale Crag Martin Hirondelle du desert (races presaharica; spatzi; buchanani; obsoleta; arabica)

Resident, all rocky areas: widespread but rather patchy all of Africa including western Sahara Desert and Egypt but not in central forest

area; especially patchy in NE; (obsoleta group in N Mauritania, S Morocco, Algeria, S Libya, Nile Valley and Red Sea coast to NW

Somalia).

Ptyonoprogne rupestris Eurasian Crag Martin Hirondelle de rochers

**Crag Martin

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, mountains, cliffs: breeds Morocco - Tunisia and NE Libya; winters Senegal and south up Nile Valley to Ethiopia.

Hirundo atrocaerulea Blue Swallow Hirondelle bleue

Montane Blue Swallow

Intra-African migrant, open montane grassland: breeds SE DRC, S Tanzania - E South Africa; non-breed to NE DRC, S Uganda, W Kenya.

Hirundo nigrorufa Black-and-rufous Swallow Hirondelle rousse-et-noire

Resident, grassland savanna often near water: narrow belt C Angola - S DRC, N Zambia.

Resident, open areas especially near water: all S of Sahara except forest area, the drier NE and all south of Angola - NE South Africa.

White-bibbed Swallow* Hirondelle noire

Resident, rivers and streams in forest including mangroves: all forest areas east to E DRC.

Hirundo leucosoma Pied-winged Swallow Hirondelle à ailes tachetées

Resident and partial migrant, wooded savanna, forest clearings: patchy Senegal - E Nigeria.

Resident, open semi-arid grassland with acacias: Sidamo Province (S Ethiopia).

Resident, grassland to woodland often near water: southern Africa north to C Angola - N Malawi and excluding much of east and west coastal areas, and not east of L. Malawi.

Resident, open areas: SE Mali, W Nigeria - Eritrea and south to W Uganda - NE Tanzania; scattered Senegal - Togo.

Intra-African migrant, grassland, open woodland: breeds Botswana, Zimbabawe - S Malawi south to Cape (South Africa); non-breed to NC Angola, SE DRC and Namibian coast.

Resident, open country: coastal W Gabon - W Angola; E DRC, Uganda, W Kenya - SE DRC, SW Tanzania, N Zambia, N Malawi, Caprivi Strip (Namibia).

Hirondelle à gorge rousse

Resident, open areas, cultivation, villages, forest clearings: Senegal - S half Mali, Benin (lucida); Congo R. (subalaris); Ethiopian highlands (rothschildi).

Hirondelle de cheminée

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, all open country: breeds all North Africa; winters all S of Sahara, south of ca 10^oN; (erythrogaster vagrant Azores).

House Martin; Northern House Martin

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, cliffs, mountains and towns: breeds North Africa; winters all S of Sahara although few NE of Uganda, S Kenya.

MOTACILLIDAE (SAM includes in Passeridae)
Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Bergeronnette printanière

Western Yellow Wagtail*

(IOC splits off extralimital M. tschutensis Eastern Yellow Wagtail, hence English name)

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, damp grassland: breeds Morocco and Egypt; winters all S of Sahara except SW of C Angola - NE South Africa.

Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail Bergeronnette citrine

citreola

Vagrant: Ethiopia and to NE, Cameroon, South Africa, Tenerife, Seychelles.

Motacilla capensis Cape Wagtail Bergeronnette du Cap

capensis; simplicissima; wellsi

Resident, urban areas, wetlands and rivers: E DRC - W Kenya (wellsi); Angola - S DRC - Zambia south to Cape excluding drier areas.

Motacilla flaviventris Madagascar Wagtail Bergeronette malgache

Resident, open areas near water: Madagascar.

cinerea; patriciae; schmitzi; canariensis (not in CMT); (HBW + melanope)

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, streams and rivers: resident Morocco (cinerea); Canary Is (canariensis); Madeira (schmitzi); Azores (patriciae); winters all North Africa, highlands of Ethiopia - Tanzania, scattered in West Africa, vagrant further south.
Motacilla clara Mountain Wagtail Bergeronnette à longue queue

Long-tailed Wagtail

Resident, fast-flowing streams in mountains: all mountain areas Ethiopia, Liberia, central Africa (eg Angola, S DRC), Bioko, N and E Zimbabwe, E South Africa.

Resident and Palearctic winter visitor, all non-forest habitats: breeds Morocco (subpersonata); winters all around Sahara Desert and south in east to equator.

vidua; aguimp

Resident, especially near human habitations, near water when in drier parts: Sierra Leone, S Mali - S Sudan, S Somalia (further north on Niger R.) south to C Angola - E South Africa and west into Namibia along course of Cunene R. and Kavango R.; E Sudan, NW Ethiopia and further down Nile Valley.

Tmetothylacus tenellus Golden Pipit Pipit doré

Resident and intra-African migrant, light Acacia and other scrubby areas: SE Sudan; NW Somalia, E Ethiopia - NE and C Tanzania.

**Richard’s Pipit; Grassland Pipit; Grassveld Pipit Pipit de Richard

BoA subsumes into Anthus novaeseelandiae; DFW, BL subsume into Anthus richardi

SAM (+SS) raise Anthus camaroonensis Cameroon Pipit Pipit du Cameroun (races camaroonensis, lynesi)

Resident, grassland, open areas: C Sudan - Cape (South Africa) to the east of the forest area but excluding much of Sudan, S Ethiopia, N Kenya and much of Somalia; SE Nigeria, W Cameroon, W Chad, W Sudan (cameroonensis).

BoA subsumes into Anthus novaeseelandiae

Palearctic winter visitor, grassland, open areas: rarely in North Africa.

Anthus latistriatus Jackson’s Pipit Pipit à raies larges

BoA, DFW, HM (+SF) subsume into Anthus cinnamomeus (BoA as A. novaeseelandiae, DFW as A. richardi); BL subsumes into

Intra-African migrant, grassland, open areas: probably breeds Itombwe, E DRC; non-breeding to around L. Victoria.

Pipit du Drakensberg

Intra-African migrant, breeding short montane grassland, non-breeding damp grassland: breeds Drakensberg Mts (South Africa) and Lesotho; non-breeding to S DRC, E Angola, N Zambia.

Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Pipit rousseline

campestris; griseus

Breeding visitor and Palearctic winter visitor, open dry areas: breeds Morocco - Tunisia; winters Sahel zone Senegal - Nile south to N Kenya.

Anthus similis Long-billed Pipit Pipit à long bec

nicholsoni; petricolus; leucocraspedon; palliditinctus; moco (CMT, HBW incl in dewittei); dewittei; hararensis; chyuluensis (CMT, HBW incl in hararensis); nivescens; sokotrae; jebelmarrae; asbenaicus; bannermani; (CMT, HBW, ROB + primarius (HM incl in nicholsoni)); (BoA + frondicolus; schoutedeni; nyassae here considered a separate species)

SAM (+SS) raise Anthus bannermani Bannerman’s Pipit Pipit de Bannerman

Resident, stony and rocky hillsides: disjunct areas of West Africa (bannermani, asbenaicus); montane areas of eastern Africa Eritrea - N Tanzania; coastal areas S Angola, W Namibia and in most of South Africa except inland NW.

Anthus nyassae Woodland Pipit Pipit forestier

Wood Pipit*

BoA, DFW, BL (+SF) subsume into Anthus similis

Resident, wooded savanna, especially miombo: SE Gabon - N Mozambique south to N Namibia - S Zimbabwe.

Anthus leucophrys Plain-backed Pipit Pipit à dos uni

Pipit à dos roux

Resident, savannas, grassland: Senegal - NW Somalia south to N Namibia - N Botswana - SW Tanzania; E and S South Africa extending into SE Botswana (leucophrys).

vaalensis; exasperatus; chobiensis; namibicus; neumanni; saphiroi; goodsoni; (BoA, HM place last 2 in A. leucophrys; HM +

Resident and nomadic, open dry areas, bare ground: C Angola (with arm to C Namibia), S DRC, SW Tanzania south to E half South Africa away from coast.

pallidiventris; esobe

Resident, grassland in clearings in forest: SW Cameroon - N Angola inland to middle Congo basin.

Anthus pseudosimilis Kimberley Pipit Pipit de Kimberley

BL subsumes into Anthus similis; ROB notes unconfirmed validity and status

Resident, grassland, bare ground: Kimberley area (C South Africa).

Anthus melindae Malindi Pipit Pipit de Malindi

Pipit de Melinda

Resident, lowlying grassland subject to flooding: coastal strip S Somalia - S Kenya.

leggei; brachyurus

Resident and intra-African migrant, short open grassland, especially seasonally inundated: E DRC, Rwanda, SW Uganda, and SE Gabon - N and C Zambia (leggei); SC Mozambique, KZ-Natal (South Africa), Lesotho (brachyurus).

Anthus caffer Bush Pipit Pipit cafre

Bushveld Pipit*; Little Tawny Pipit

Resident and nomadic, savannas, bush, open woodland: disjunct populations; S Ethiopia (australoabyssinicus); S Kenya, N Tanzania border (blayneyi); W Angola and Zambia - C Zimbabwe (mzimbaensis); SE Botswana - NE South Africa (caffer, traylori).

Resident, coastal forest: Arabuko-Sokoke forest, Kenya - NE Tanzania.

trivialis; (HM + sibiricus (HBW incl in trivialis))

Palearctic winter visitor, open savanna, cultivation: Senegal - E Ethiopia and south in east to E Angola, N Botswana, W Mozambique.

Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Pipit farlouse

Pipit des prés

pratensis

Palearctic winter visitor, seashores and many open habitats: all across North Africa, N Mauritania - Egypt.

(HM + rufogularis)

Palearctic winter visitor, damp or wet short grassland: S Mauritania, Senegal - C Ethiopia south to Uganda, N Tanzania; Nile Valley (Egypt) and along coast west to Tunisia.

Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit Pipit spioncelle

spinoletta; coutellii

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: Morocco - Egypt and up Nile R. to Aswan.

**European Rock Pipit; Eurasian Rock Pipit*

Palearctic winter visitor, coastal areas: rarely to Morocco.

American Pipit

Vagrant: Tunisia.

Anthus lineiventris Striped Pipit Pipit de Sundevall

Pipit strié de Sundevall

(CMT, HBW + stygium; lineiventris)

Resident and intra-African migrant, rocky hillsides, grassy slopes with rocks: W Angola; SE DRC - SE Kenya south to N Mozambique - SE Botswana - E and NE South Africa (not in most of W Tanzania or east coastal areas north of S Mozambique).

Yellow-tufted Pipit

Resident, montane grassland and stony hills: E Cape Province - Drakensberg Mts (South Africa).

Anthus chloris Yellow-breasted Pipit Pipit à gorge jaune

HBW, CMT Hemimacronyx chloris

Resident, submontane grassland: mts in E South Africa.

Anthus longicaudatus Long-tailed Pipit Pipit à longue queue

Intra-African migrant, short grasslands: breeding area unknown; non-breeding winter visitor to Kimberley area of South Africa; unconfirmed sight records north to NW Zambia.

berthelotii; madeirensis

Resident, all habitats except thick woodland: Madeira (madeirensis); Selvagem and Canary Is (berthelotii).

Macronyx sharpei Sharpe's Longclaw Sentinelle de Sharpe

Pipit de Sharpe

SAM Anthus sharpei; HBW, CMT Hemimacronyx sharpei

Resident, open montane grassland: W and C Kenya highlands (Mt Elgon, Aberdares, Mt Kenya).

Resident, open montane grassland: mts of Ethiopia.

Resident, moist highland grassland, drier areas if near water: Angola - S Tanzania south to extreme N Namibia - Zambia.

Orange-throated Longclaw

Resident, short, usually dry grassland: S and E half South Africa; C Zimbabwe ('stabilior').

(HBW + croceus; tertius (and ZTP); vulturnus); (ROB + 1 race in Africa)

Resident, dry grassland, cultivation, clearings in woodland and forest: Senegal - N Angola east to S Sudan, SW Kenya; along coastal area NE Tanzania - E South Africa not extending far inland.

Macronyx aurantiigula Pangani Longclaw Sentinelle dorée

Resident, dry grassland with trees: S Somalia - N Tanzania near coast.

**Pink-throated Longclaw; **Rosy-breasted Longclaw

(CMT, HBW + wintoni (also ZTP); altanus; ameliae)

Resident, short tussocky grassland: SW Kenya and Serengeti area (Tanzania) ('wintoni'); C Angola - SW Tanzania, Zambia ('altanus'); small area coastal S Mozambique, E South Africa ('ameliae').

Resident, moist short grassy plains: S DRC - WC and E Angola, extreme NW Zambia.

CAMPEPHAGIDAE (SAM includes in Corvidae)
Campephaga phoenicea Red-shouldered Cuckoo-Shrike Echenilleur à épaulettes rouges

Resident and intra-African migrant, forest patches, wooded grassland and thickets: Senegal - Ethiopia south to W Kenya, Uganda.

Echenilleur noir

Resident and intra-African migrant, woodland and forest: Angola - S Sudan, S Ethiopia south to NE South Africa and then along E and S South Africa coast.

Campephaga petiti Petit's Cuckoo-Shrike Echenilleur de Petit

Resident, forest including small patches: SE Nigeria - NW Angola; NE DRC, W Uganda; W Kenya.

Resident, forest especially edges and clearings: patchy all across forest area Sierra Leone - NW Tanzania; S DRC, N Zambia; patches in N Angola; SE Tanzania (muenzneri).

Ghana Cuckoo-Shrike

CMT, SAM, BL (+SS) Campephaga lobata

Resident, forest canopy: E Sierra Leone - SW Ghana.

Oriole Cuckoo-Shrike

CMT, SAM, BL (+SS) Campephaga oriolina

Resident, low altitude forest: S Cameroon, SW CAR - Gabon; E DRC.

Resident, montane forest and wooded watercourses: Mt Cameroon, Bioko; higher ground Ethiopia - SE and S South Africa.

Echenilleur à gorge blanc

Resident, mature woodland: Guinea savannas S Senegal - S Ethiopia south into Uganda; N Angola - W Tanzania south to S Angola - NE South Africa.

Coracina graueri Grauer's Cuckoo-Shrike Echenilleur de Grauer

Resident, montane forest: E DRC.

Resident, forest: Liberia - Gabon and more patchy across DRC.

Ashy Cuckoo-Shrike

IOC raises Coracina cucullata Comoros Cuckoo-Shrike

Resident, lowland and mid-altitude forest of all types: all around Madagascar lowlands, not in central areas; Comoro Is (cucullata).

Coracina typica Mauritius Cuckoo-Shrike Echenilleur de Maurice

Resident, forest canopy: S Mauritius.

Echenilleur de la Réunion

Resident, forest canopy: NW Réunion.

PYCNONOTIDAE

Bulbul des Monts Masuku

SAM, IOC (+SS) raise Andropadus kakamegae Kakamega Greenbul Bulbul de Kakamega

Resident, montane and mid-altitude forest: E DRC - Burundi; W Kenya; parts of E Tanzania - N Malawi; (kakamegae E DRC - W Kenya).

Andropadus montanus Cameroon Montane Greenbul Bulbul concolore

Cameroon Mountain Greenbul; Cameroon Greenbul*

Resident, montane forest: extreme SE Nigeria, W Cameroon.

Andropadus tephrolaemus Western Mountain Greenbul Bulbul à gorge grise

Grey-throated Greenbul; Western Greenbul*; Bulbul à tête grise

**[Mountain Greenbul]

tephrolaemus; bamendae; (HM + kikuyuensis here placed in A. nigriceps); (BoA + nigriceps; usambarae; neumanni; fusciceps; chlorigula; kikuyuensis here considered a separate species)

Resident, montane forest: extreme SE Nigeria, W Cameroon, Bioko.

Black-headed Mountain Greenbul; Bulbul à gorge grise

[Mountain Greenbul*];

nigriceps; usambarae; neumanni; fusciceps; chlorigula; kikuyuensis (HM places in A. tephrolaemus); (CMT + kungwensis (here placed in A. masukuensis))

BoA subsumes into Andropadus tephrolaemus

SAM, HM, IOC (+SS) raise Andropadus chlorigula Green-throated (Yellow-throated*) Greenbul Bulbul à gorge verte

IOC (+SS) raise Andropadus fusciceps Black-browed Greenbul (Southern Mountain Greenbul); Andropadus kikuyuensis Olive-breasted Greenbul (Olive-breasted Mountain Greenbul); Andropadus neumanni Uluguru Greenbul

Resident, montane forest: E DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, W Uganda, W Kenya (kikuyuensis); Mt Kilimanjaro (Tanzania), Taita Hills (Kenya) south through mts of Tanzania to S Malawi; (chlorigula -- EC and S Tanzania; fusciceps -- SW Tanzania, NE Zambia, Malawi; kikuyuensis -- E DRC - C Kenya; neumanni -- Uluguru Mts, Tanzania; nigriceps -- S Kenya, N Tanzania).

Andropadus milanjensis Stripe-cheeked Greenbul Bulbul montagnard

striifacies; olivaceiceps; milanjensis

SAM, IOC (+SS) raise Andropadus olivaceiceps Olive-headed Greenbul Bulbul à tête olive

IOC (+SS) raise Andropadus striifacies Stripe-faced Greenbul

Resident, montane, submontane and riverine forest including edges: mts of SE Kenya, E Tanzania, Malawi, WC Mozambique, E Zimbabwe.

Resident, all forest types: all forest area Senegal - W Kenya and arm extending east across S Tanzania to Eastern Arc Mts; separate population NC Mozambique; Zanzibar (zanzibaricus).

[Andropadus hallae Hall’s Greenbul Bulbul de Hall]

here considered a melanistic form of A. virens; CMT, SAM have as a separate species; and DFW as a race of A. virens

Grey Greenbul

Resident, forest, secondary habitats preferring edges: all forest area Sierra Leone - W Kenya.

Resident, evergreen and semi-deciduous forest: Sierra Leone - SW CAR and south all around edges of central forest area to W Kenya; N Angola.

Cameroon Sombre Greenbul

Resident, forest and edges: all of forest area.

Resident, forest and dense savannas: all of forest area Senegal - C Kenya.

Resident and nomadic, interior and edges of forest: all of forest area Sierra Leone - C Kenya; SW Senegal; 2 patches SW Tanzania.

Zanzibar Sombre Greenbul; Zanzibar Greenbul

Resident, dense coastal scrub, thicket, forest: coastal areas S Somalia - Cape (South Africa) extending inland in a few areas eg Zambezi R..

Serine Greenbul

Nomadic (very mobile), all forest especially edges: Sierra Leone - S Cameroon, Cabinda (Angola); Bioko; NE DRC.

Baeopogon indicator Honeyguide Greenbul Bulbul à queue blanche

indicator; leucurus

Resident, all forest types: all of forest area.

White-tailed Greenbul; **Sjöstedt's Honeyguide Greenbul

Resident, primary forest especially near water: SW Cameroon, W Gabon; patches in E and NE DRC.

Ixonotus guttatus Spotted Greenbul Bulbul tacheté

Resident, forest: all of forest area.

Resident, midlevel and montane forest, favouring clearings and edges: Imatong Mts (S Sudan), W Uganda, NE DRC, SW Kenya (laetissima); Mt Kabobo, Manugu (E DRC) - N Zambia (schoutedeni).

Resident, isolated forest patches in savanna: few scattered patches NE DRC.

Resident, forest, dense scrub, bush in wooded savanna: N Angola - E Kenya, coastal S Somalia south to S Angola - NE South Africa.

Yellow-necked Greenbul

(CMT + viridescentior; falkensteini)

Resident, isolated forest patches, dense thicket (not in true forest): S Cameroon, S CAR - N Gabon; mouth of Congo R.; NW Angola.

Resident, thick bush to forest edge: all of forest area.

Yellow-throated Greenbul Bulbul à gorge jaune

HM, HBW incl in flavigula))

Resident, wooded and bush habitats: guinea savanna Senegal - S CAR; W Kenya, NW Tanzania south to northern half Angola - N Zambia - SW Tanzania.

Thescelocichla leucopleura Swamp Palm Bulbul Bulbul des raphias

Swamp Greenbul Bulbul à queue tachetée

Resident, swampy forest with palms: all of forest area - W Uganda.

Pyrrhurus scandens Leaf-love Bulbul à queue rousse

Red-tailed Leaf-love*

CMT, SAM, IOC Phyllastrephus scandens

Resident, forest near water especially Rapphia swamp areas: Senegal - W Kenya south to Congo R.; patches in C DRC, Rwanda, W Tanzania.

Phyllastrephus terrestris Terrestrial Brownbul Bulbul jaboteur

Terrestrial Bulbul

Resident, thick vegetation in forest and thickets: coastal S Somalia - Cape (South Africa), inland Malawi, extreme S DRC, Zimbabwe, N Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique; isolated population SW Angola.

Resident, forest edge, thicket: S Sudan - S Somalia south to NE Tanzania; isolated population Jebel Marra (W Sudan).

Grey-olive Bulbul

(HM + cerviniventris; schoutedeni)

Resident, riparian thicket and forest: NC and N Zambia, Malawi, N Mozambique; arm extending to NE Tanzania; scattered localities S Kenya.

Resident, gallery forest and forest patches in savanna: W Angola.

Baumann’s Olive Greenbul*

Resident, forest - savanna ecotone: patches Sierra Leone - S Nigeria.

Phyllastrephus hypochloris Toro Olive Greenbul Bulbul du Toro

Resident, forest: Uganda and immediate surrounds.

Sassi's Greenbul

BL now considers this is synonymous with Phyllastrephus icterinus

Resident, forest: scattered in small patches E and NE DRC.

Resident, forest, coastal thicket: coastal S Somalia - N Mozambique, Eastern Arc Mts (Tanzania).

SAM, IOC (+SS) raise Phyllastrephus placidus Placid Greenbul Bulbul placide

Resident, forest and dense woodland: belt across C Angola, S and E DRC, N Zambia, W Tanzania then north to S Sudan; W Kenya - S

Malawi in narrow belt.

Resident, midlevel and montane forest: highland SE Nigeria, W Cameroon, Bioko.

See note above under Phyllastrephus lorenzi

Resident, forest interior: forest areas but gaps in Dahomey Gap area and in Congo.

Phyllastrephus xavieri Xavier's Greenbul Bulbul de Xavier

[Bulbul ictérin tâcheté]

Resident, forest: S Cameroon, N Gabon; SW CAR; W Congo; E DRC, SW Uganda.

White-winged Greenbul [Bulbul ictérin tâcheté]

Resident, transition evergreen - deciduous forest: 2 patches in E Liberia.

Phyllastrephus albigularis White-throated Greenbul Bulbul à gorge blanche

albigularis; viridiceps

Resident, forest especially at edges: forest area with gaps in much of C DRC; extreme SW Senegal; 2 patches NW Angola (viridiceps).

Yellow-streaked Bulbul

SAM, IOC (+SS) raise Phyllastrephus alfredi Sharpe’s Greenbul Bulbul d’Alfred

Resident, forest especially montane: patchy (due to habitat) Albertine Rift; Eastern Arc Mts (Tanzania) - E South Africa; (alfredi is SW

Tanzania, NE Zambia, N Malawi).

Resident, midlevel forest: extreme SE Nigeria, W Cameroon.

Resident, coastal forest, sometimes miombo: coastal Kenya - N Tanzania (rabai); Eastern Arc Mts (Tanzania) (albigula); SE Tanzania - S Mozambique inland to E Zimbabwe (debilis).

Seychelles Black Bulbul; Thick-billed Bulbul

Resident, woodland and forest: Seychelles.