083.JPG
|
Hell stamp
|
|
Father Maximilian Hell on a postage stamp: 1970 Czechoslovakia FDC 40h
|
084.JPG
|
Father Hell
|
|
Father Maximilian Hell dressed in clothing appropriate for his Lapland expedition to time the 1769 transit of Venus.
|
085.BMP
|
Colonial flag
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Colonial America flag clip art.
|
086.JPG
|
Rittenhouse
|
Smithsonian Institution Libraries,
Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology
|
Portrait of astronomer David Rittenhouse of colonial Philadelphia.
|
087.JPG
|
Rittenhouse drawing
|
|
David Rittenhouse plot of Venus transiting the sun in 1769; drawing is overlaid SOHO image of the sun.
|
088.JPG
|
Franklin
|
Smithsonian Institution Libraries,
Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology
|
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin.
|
089.JPG
|
Le Gentil name
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: Guillame Joseph Hyacinthe Jean Baptiste Le Gentil, or “Le Gentil”
|
090.JPG
|
Le Gentil stone
|
Cindy Tachman
|
Graveyard marker of Le Gentil.
|
091.JPG
|
Effort of many
|
NASA Kennedy Space Center
|
NASA staff walk in front of the space shuttle Atlantis during rollover to VAB from OPF (STS-112); image KSC-02PD-1281.
|
092.JPG
|
Shoreside
|
NASA Kennedy Space Center
|
One person watches the space shuttle Columbia (STS-107) rollout to Launch Pad; image KSC-02PD-1884.
|
093.JPG
|
World map zoom
|
Garwood &Voigt, Fine and Rare Books Maps & Prints
|
Zoomed image of Bellin map of the world, including France-to-India route.
|
094.JPG
|
Pondichery map
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
Map of Pondichery, India; from Le Gentil’s memoirs.
|
095.JPG
|
Rigging 1
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Ship’s mast and rigging.
|
096.JPG
|
Transit at sea
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Large sun with transit of Mercury seen from the vantage point of someone on a boat; from Wilhelm Nitzschke atlas (ca 1851).
|
097.JPG
|
8 Years
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: 1761-1769, denotes the time span between 18th century transits.
|
098.JPG
|
Le Gentil divinity
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
Drawing by Le Gentil of “Divinite’ Singuliere”, from his studies abroad between the 18th century transits. Image from Le Gentil’s memoirs (1780).
|
099.JPG
|
Le Gentil reptiles
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
Drawing by Le Gentil of reptiles, which he studied abroad between the 18th century transits. Image from Le Gentil’s memoirs (1780).
|
100.JPG
|
Rigging 2
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Ship’s topmast and rigging.
|
101.JPG
|
Pondichery
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
Landscape of Pondichery upon Le Gentil’s return for the 1769 transit, with noticeable building damage presumably from the Seven Years War. Le Gentil’s observatory is right of the flag.
|
102.JPG
|
Le Gentil quotes
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Three quotes by Le Gentil describe how beautiful the weather was in Pondichery preceding the 1769 transit.
|
103.PCT
|
Clouds
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Clipart of mostly cloudy sky.
|
104.JPG
|
T-shirt
|
Chuck Bueter
|
T-shirt commemorating the transit of Venus.
|
105.JPG
|
Shipwreck
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Shipwreck of the Psyche (unrelated to transit of Venus); image from Illustrated London News.
|
106.BMP
|
Doppelmayer labeled
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Figure (with 3 labels) from Johann Doppelmayer’s Atlas Coelestis (1742) shows Earth on a chariot, encircling the sun as Venus on her chariot passes between them.
|
107.JPG
|
Doppelmayer
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Figure from Johann Doppelmayer’s Atlas Coelestis (1742) shows Earth on a chariot, encircling the sun as Venus on her chariot passes between them.
|
108.BMP
|
1769
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: 1769
|
109.JPG
|
James Cook
|
Smithsonian Institution Libraries,
Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology
|
Print of James Cook based on portrait by Nathaniel Dance (1776)
|
110.JPG
|
Cook survey
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
General map of region surveyed by Cook, including Newfoundland, Labrador, and St. Lawrence River.
|
111.JPG
|
Ship-shuttle
|
(Left) Chuck Bueter
(Right) NASA
|
Left is Cook’s ship Endeavour from a memorial in Westminster Abbey dedicated to circumnavigators; right is a launch of the space shuttle Endeavour.
|
112.JPG
|
World map
|
Garwood &Voigt, Fine and Rare Books Maps & Prints
|
World map on Mercator projection by N. Bellin (1750).
|
113.JPG
|
Tahiti
|
Eric Schruer,
Kalamazoo Valley Museum
|
Matavai Bay and Point Venus (not shown to right) where Captain Cook landed to time the 1769 transit of Venus.
|
114.JPG
|
Cook stamp
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Stamp issued in 1969 by Norfolk Island commemorates the 1769 transit of Venus
|
115.JPG
|
Cook and Green
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
The “black drop” effect appears in illustrations of the transit by James Cook and astronomer Charles Green; from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1771).
|
116.JPG
|
Black drop
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Graphic of the black drop effect.
|
117.JPG
|
Fingers apart
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Forefinger and thumb approach each other.
|
118.JPG
|
Fingers smear
|
Chuck Bueter
|
The “black drop” effect is simulated as forefinger and thumb nearly touch.
|
119.JPG
|
Black drop sun
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
The “black drop” effect is simulated on a SOHO image of the sun.
|
120.JPG
|
Bergman’s black drop
|
|
Torbern Bergman illustrates Venus crossing the edge of the sun, with the “black drop” effect apparent; from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
|
121.BMP
|
1874
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: 1874
|
122.JPG
|
USNO group
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Group photo of participants in 19th century transit of Venus expeditions organized by the US Naval Observatory (USNO). Here they (including Simon Newcomb) are gathered at the USNO during practice sessions; photographs are in the collection of the USNO.
|
123.JPG
|
Huts in D.C.
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Mini-observatories are erected alongside the USNO dome for pre-expedition practice; from USNO Library Collection.
|
124.BMP
|
Group of huts
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Several identical mobile observatories help assure consistency among the scattered expedition sites; from USNO Library Collection.
|
125.BMP
|
Sousa March
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Title: John Philip Sousa’s Transit of Venus March; image is individual mobile observatory with telescope visible in the doorway and rooftop opening apparent; from USNO Library Collection.
|
126.JPG
|
Preparations
|
Chuck Bueter
|
View looking down on USNO practice grounds near the Potomac River; from USNO Library Collection.
|
127.JPG
|
Ship
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Ship Swatara (?) anchored off one of the desolate islands at which expedition camps were established; from USNO Library Collection.
|
128.JPG
|
Shipboard
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Members of the expedition team aboard ship with the name Brooklyn in the background; from USNO Library Collection.
|
129.JPG
|
Landing at Rodriguez
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Dozens of men labor to lift expedition gear, which was floated in over the reef at Rodriguez Island, up the hill to the camp and observing site. Print from Illustrated London News.
|
130.JPG
|
Vladivostok
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Barren expedition camp likely at Vladivostok, a Russian port on the Sea of Japan near China; from USNO Library Collection.
|
131.JPG
|
Down under
|
The University of Queensland Library, Fryer Library, Hume Family Collection
UQFL 10 Album 4, Photograph 374
|
Observation equipment set up Down Under.
|
132.JPG
|
Vlad lads
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Members of the expedition party in Vladivostok; from USNO Library Collection.
|
133.JPG
|
Stump observer
|
Chuck Bueter
|
A member of the expedition team observes through a telescope while sitting on a tree stump; from USNO Library Collection.
|
134.JPG
|
Four observers
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Four observers prepare equipment, likely on Kergeulen Island; from USNO Library Collection.
|
135.JPG
|
Patagonia
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Cluster of tents form an expedition camp, likely at Patagonia; from USNO Library Collection.
|
136.JPG
|
Low tide
|
Chuck Bueter
|
A skiff in foreground at shoreside camp during low tide; from USNO Library Collection.
|
137.JPG
|
Dinner
|
Chuck Bueter
|
A member of the expedition team sitting in his tent holds a bird while his gun rests nearby; from USNO Library Collection.
|
138.JPG
|
Barrel seat
|
Chuck Bueter
|
An expedition member with an axe points to a barrel on which someone is seated; from USNO Library Collection.
|
139.JPG
|
New Zealand
|
Chuck Bueter
|
An observer (who was eventually clouded out for the transit) in New Zealand, linked by telegraph to a timekeeping station 300 miles away.
|
140.JPG
|
Survey
|
Chuck Bueter
|
A member of the expedition party surveys the site; from USNO Library Collection.
|
141.JPG
|
USNO photo
|
US Naval Observatory
|
Dry collodion emulsion plates from the 1882 USNO expedition show black, circular Venus outlined against the sun
|
142.BMP
|
Green zoom
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
The “black drop” effect in illustrations of the transit by astronomer Charles Green; from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1771).
|
143.bmp
|
Question mark
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: ?
|
144.bmp
|
Radar
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Goldstone radar aimed at Venus
|
145.JPG
|
Green sun
|
SOHO
|
Extreme ultraviolet image of sun (in green) by SOHO spacecraft.
|
146.JPG
|
Sun-Earth scale
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Sun with Earth to scale; image from NASA Skylab.
|
147.JPG
|
Miles to sun
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: 92,958,329 Miles
|
148.JPG
|
93 Million
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: 93 Million Miles
|
149.JPG
|
5 Transits
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Timeline with dates of 5 transits: 1639, 1761, 1769, 1774, and 1782.
|
150.BMP
|
Alignment 1
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Venus and earth align; orbit seen from above.
|
151.bmp
|
Alignment 2
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Venus and earth align 8 years later; orbit seen from above.
|
152.JPG
|
Transit pairs
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Timeline with transit pairs highlighted.
|
153.bmp
|
Plate overhead
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Paper plate, viewed from above, shows 5 alignments of Venus and earth over an 8-year span.
|
154.JPG
|
Plate inclined
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Paper plate with orbit of Venus inclined.
|
155.jpg
|
Plate planets
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Sun, Venus, and Earth on paper plate.
|
156.JPG
|
Plate Venus below
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Venus is below arrow between earth and sun on paper plate.
|
157.JPG
|
Plate conjunction
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Venus is in conjunction with sun (arrowed) at node on paper plate.
|
158.JPG
|
Plate node
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Node is labeled with Venus at inferior conjunction on paper plate.
|
159.JPG
|
Timeline full
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Timeline with paired transits through 2012.
|
160. jpg
|
Syzygy
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: Syzygy
|
161.jpg
|
Venus syzygy
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Venus is in line with SOHO sun and earth.
|
162.JPG
|
Moon syzygy
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Moon is in line with SOHO sun and earth.
|
163.JPG
|
Gaspra
|
NASA
|
Asteroid Gaspra with its moonlet nearby.
|
164.JPG
|
Graze path
|
Eric Frappa
|
Map path of occultation over Florida.
|
165.JPG
|
Grazing occultation
|
David Dunham
|
Star (arrowed) grazes the edge of the moon.
|
166.jpg
|
Goodricke
|
|
Portrait of John Goodricke.
|
167.JPG
|
AAVSO chart
|
American Association of Variable Star Observers
|
Finder chart for a variable star; white on black.
|
168.JPG
|
Saturn occulted
|
David Dunham
|
The moon nearly occulting Saturn.
|
169.JPG
|
ISS transit
|
Roland Stalder, Astronomical Society Lucerne, Switzerland
|
The International Space Station (ISS) transits the sun.
|
170.bmp
|
Transit approach
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
A planet approaches a transit around a distant star.
|
171.bmp
|
Transit imminent
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
A transit around a distant star is imminent.
|
172.jpg
|
Church graveyard 2
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Headstones on side of St. Michael Church in Hoole, England. Though this was Jeremiah Horrocks’ church, his burial site is elsewhere.
|
173.jpg
|
9 planets
|
NASA
|
Nine planets (and earth’s moon); Pluto added to original NASA image.
|
174.BMP
|
Extra-solars
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Title: 51 Peg, Tau Boo, OGLE-TR-56 (extra-solar planet candidates)
|
175.jpg
|
Kepler spacecraft
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
NASA’s Kepler spacecraft illustration
|
176.BMP
|
3 bowls
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Three empty bowls next to sun.
|
177.BMP
|
Hot bowl
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Venus in bowl nearest sun.
|
178. BMP
|
Cold bowl
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Mars in bowl furthest from sun; Venus in bowl nearest the sun.
|
179. BMP
|
Planets in bowls
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Venus, Earth, and Mars in bowls next to sun.
|
180.jpg
|
Planets compared
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Jupiter, Earth, and Mars (all labeled).
|
181.JPG
|
Size factor planets
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Earth between small planet and large planet.
|
182.JPG
|
Size factor small
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Image 181.jpg with small planet highlighted.
|
183.JPG
|
Size factor big
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Image 181.jpg with large planet highlighted.
|
184. BMP
|
Starfield
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
Starfield
|
185.BMP
|
2 Perspectives
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
Two star systems with planets: one seen from above has no transit; one seen edge-on has transits.
|
186.bmp
|
Kepler craft 1
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
Kepler satellite broadside among stars of 185.bmp
|
187.bmp
|
Kepler craft 2
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
Kepler satellite instruments measuring stars of 185.bmp
|
188.bmp
|
Kepler craft 3
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
Kepler satellite CCD detectors zoomed
|
189.bmp
|
Kepler craft 4
|
NASA Kepler Mission
|
Kepler satellite backlit.
|
190.JPG
|
Streetlights
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Night scene of Chicago.
|
191.JPG
|
Star cloud
|
Hubble Heritage Team
|
A cloud of stars in Sagittarius , (STScI-1998-28).
|
192.JPG
|
Galaxy 2
|
Hubble Heritage Team
|
Galaxy seen from above. (STScI-PRC2002-03)
|
193.JPG
|
Visibility map
|
Fred Espenak
|
Map shows global zones of visibility for 2004 transit.
|
194.JPG
|
Visibility total
|
Fred Espenak
|
Map shows where 2004 transit is visible in its entirety.
|
095.JPG
|
Visibility none
|
Fred Espenak
|
Map shows where 2004 transit is not seen.
|
096.JPG
|
Visibility partial
|
Fred Espenak
|
Map shows where 2004 transit is partially seen.
|
197.JPG
|
Duration map
|
NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
|
Map shows duration of transit as seen across the United States.
|
198.JPG
|
Horrocks painting 2
|
Astley Hall Museum and Art Gallery
|
Painting of Jeremiah Horrocks observing a projected image of the 1639 transit; by J.W. Lavender (1903).
|
199.JPG
|
Webcast
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Clipart of computer monitor and transit of Venus.
|
200.JPG
|
Sunrise sequence
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Sunrise sequence with transit underway; drawing by 6-year old girl.
|
201.JPG
|
Tempest
|
Chuck Bueter
|
A sailing ship is overwhelmed by waves; illustration from Wilhelm Nitzschke atlas
(ca. 1851).
|
202.JPG
|
Rigging 3
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Ship’s rigging and 3 masts.
|
203.jpg
|
Venus & sunspot
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Circular Venus passes sunspot; sun image courtesy of SOHO.
|
204.JPG
|
Mercury transit
|
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
|
Transit of Mercury imaged May 7, 2003, by Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope
|
205.JPG
|
Mercury at limb
|
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
|
Mercury in transit takes a bite out of the limb of the sun.
|
206.jpg
|
Sunspots
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Illustrated sun with sunspots; from Wilhelm Nitzschke atlas (ca 1851).
|
207.JPG
|
Venus at limb
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
A halo is visible around Venus (arrowed) as it straddles the edge of the sun.
|
208.jpg
|
Lomonosov
|
|
Michail Lomonosov portrait and his drawings.
|
209.bmp
|
Venus
|
NASA
|
Venus enshrouded in clouds
|
110.bmp
|
Dark sky
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Bright horizon segues into dark sky above.
|
211.JPG
|
Eudoxus 2
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Eudoxus quote and his name only (no dates or description like in 002.jpg).
|
212.JPG
|
Ship at anchor
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Expedition sailing ship at anchor; from USNO Library Collection.
|
213.JPG
|
Sole Visa
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Venus in Sole Visa stained glass window at St. Michael Church celebrates Jeremiah Horrocks’ booklet of same title.
|
214.JPG
|
Seyfert 2 galaxy
|
Hubble Heritage Team
|
Spiral Galaxy, NGC 7742, PRC1998-28, a Seyfert 2 active galaxy powered by black hole at core.
|
215.jpg
|
Sunrise x
|
Chuck Bueter
|
The sun rising over a lake.
|
216.bmp
|
Eudoxus 2
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Eudoxus quote and his name only (no dates or description like in 002.jpg).
|
217.bmp
|
Credit Toyota
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Support-Toyota
|
218.bmp
|
Credit GLPA
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Support-GLPA
|
219.bmp
|
Credit PHM
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Support-PHM Planetarium
|
220.bmp
|
Credit Narration
|
US Naval Observatory
|
Credits:
Narration
|
221.bmp
|
Credit Writing
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Writing and Production
|
222.bmp
|
Credit Images 1
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Images 1
|
223.bmp
|
Credit Images 2
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Images 2
|
224.bmp
|
Credit Images 3
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Images 3
|
225.bmp
|
Credit Music 1
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Music 1
|
226.bmp
|
Credit Music 2
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Music 2
|
227.bmp
|
Credit Video
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Video Sequences
|
228.bmp
|
Credit Thanks
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Credits:
Additional Thanks
|
229.bmp
|
Credit Audio
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Audio Recording and Mixing
|
230.bmp
|
Credit Digistar
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Digistar Component
|
231.bmp
|
Credit Studio
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Projection Facilities
|
232.bmp
|
Credit Websites
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
Credits:
Website Support
|
234.JPG
|
Web Logo
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Logo for www.transitofvenus.org.
|
x234.JPG
|
Stars Uma
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Starfield of Ursa Major
|
x235.JPG
|
Stars Orion
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Starfield of Orion
|
x236.JPG
|
Stars Gemini
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Starfield of Gemini
|
|
|
|
|
x238.JPG
|
Kepler stands
|
Smithsonian Institution Libraries,
Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology
|
Portrait of Kepler standing by globe with dividers in hand.
|
x239.JPG
|
Bright sunrise
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Sunrise reflected in lake.
|
x240.JPG
|
Mason Dixon 3
|
Transit of Venus Program
|
Mason and Dixon label and red line together.
|
x241.JPG
|
Voyage
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
Title page of Le Gentil’s memoirs.
|
X242.jpg
|
Pondichery zoom
|
University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collection
|
Le Gentil’s drawing of Pondichery for the 1769 transit, with noticeable building damage presumably from the Seven Years War. Le Gentil’s observatory is right of the flag.
|
x243.jpg
|
Cook statue
|
Chuck Bueter
|
Statue of James Cook outside of the National Maritime Museum, London.
|
x244.jpg
|
Cook
|
Guy Ottewell
|
Cover art of the 2004 Astronomical Companion depicts James Cook looking through a telescope in Tahiti.
|
Disc Cover
Image
|
Quadrants
|
SOHO (ESA & NASA)
|
The sun seen through four perspectives of the SOHO spacecraft; http://150.144.30.101/gallery/top30/top30_detail_EITquadsA.html
|