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Online Resource 1 Daily pattern of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, µmol photons m-2 s-1) measured on the forest floor (,horizontal), south- (, vertical), and north- (, vertical) exposed epiphytic thalli of Parmelia sulcata. : sunset time; : cloudy weather.
Online Resource 2 Daily pattern of air temperature measured in the chestnut forest (, °C) and temperature of south- (, °C) and north- (, °C) exposed epiphytic thalli of Parmelia sulcata. : sunset time; : cloudy weather.
Online Resource 3 Daily pattern of air relative humidity measured in the chestnut forest (, %) and relative water content of south- (, %) and north- (, %) exposed epiphytic thalli of Parmelia sulcata. : sunset time; : cloudy weather. Note different scales for thallus water content during the season. Online Resource 4 Mean values (± 1 standard deviation; n=3) of CO2 gas exchange rates of S-exposed thalli of the epiphytic lichen Parmelia sulcata and descriptors of the light response curves measured at 6 and 27°C at optimal thallus water content and c. 360±10 µmol mol-1 CO2. These values were used to build up Fig. 3, and were submitted to principal component analysis, whose results are given in Fig. 4. For acronyms, see text. 
Online Resource 5 Percentages based on the values of Online Resource 4, used for the principal component analysis whose results are given in Online Resource 6. For acronyms, see text. 
Online Resource 6 Ordering of sampling sessions and photosynthetic descriptors (percentages between performance at 6 °C and 27 °C) according to the first two axes (1 and 2) of a Principal Component Analysis based on the matrix of Online Resource 5. PCA1: 65.4% of the total variance; PCA2: 20.5% of the total variance. For acronyms, see text. Online Resource 7 Annual radial growth rate (mean value ± 1 standard deviation, mm year-1) of epiphytic thalli of the lichen Parmelia sulcata measured in Europe in areas with different climate. 
References Degelius G (1964) Biological studies of the epiphytic vegetation on twigs of Fraxinus excelsior. Acta Horti Gotob 27:1-55 Fisher PJ, Proctor MCF (1978) Observations on the season's growth in Parmelia caperata and P. sulcata in South Devon. Lichenologist 10:81-89 Linkola K (1918) Messungen über den järlichen Längenzuwachs einiger Parmelia- und Parmeliopsis-Arten. Acta Soc Fauna Flora Fenn 44:153-158 Tretiach M, Baruffo L (2001) Effects of H2S on CO2 gas exchanges and growth rates of the epiphytic lichen Parmelia sulcata Taylor. Symbiosis 31:35-46 Walter E, Lieth H (1960) Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas. Fischer, Jena |
